Chylothorax: a complication of internal jugular vein catheterization

Thoracic duct injury is a potential problem from central venous catheter insertion that has rarely been reported. A case in which a left chylothorax developed 2 days after internal jugular vein catheterization is presented here. This complication was managed successfully by continuous drainage of the pleural space, oral administration of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate and high-protein diet, and application of positive end-expiratory pressure. The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and recommended management of such iatrogenic chylothorax are discussed on the basis of this clinical report and of a review of the literature.