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Sound production in crickets

Stephen, Hartley

    The Journal of Experimental Biology
    |January 1, 1995
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Male cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) song frequency is dynamically controlled. Auditory feedback influences both strike rate and subalar resonant frequency, revealing a complex song generation process.

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    Area of Science:

    • Bioacoustics
    • Animal Communication
    • Insect Physiology

    Background:

    • Male Gryllus bimaculatus produce acoustic signals for communication.
    • Sound production in insects involves complex biomechanical and physiological processes.
    • The role of auditory feedback in modulating insect song characteristics is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the acoustic properties of Gryllus bimaculatus calls under varying environmental and physiological conditions.
    • To analyze the principal frequency component and spectral characteristics of cricket chirps.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying song generation and potential auditory feedback control in crickets.

    Main Methods:

    • Digital recording of Gryllus bimaculatus calls in four conditions: air, helium/oxygen mixture, occluded tympana in air, and occluded tympana in helium/oxygen.

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  • Analysis of the principal frequency component (carrier frequency) and spectral content of recorded chirps.
  • Utilizing a model stridulatory system to confirm acoustic principles and resonant properties.

    • Main Results:

    • The principal frequency component varied between chirps and differed significantly across the four recording conditions.
    • Occluding the tympana in air led to greater dispersion in the principal frequency component compared to normal ears.
    • The subalar air space acts as a resonator, influencing sound filtering and amplification, with its resonant frequency dependent on volume.

    Conclusions:

    • Cricket song generation is a dynamic process modulated by auditory feedback.
    • Gryllus bimaculatus can actively control the plectrum-file strike rate and subalar resonant frequency.
    • Changes in wing and abdomen position alter subalar volume, demonstrating a feedback loop in song production.