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[The kidneys in aging]

C Niederstadt1, J Steinhoff

  • 1Abteilung für Nephrologie, Medizinische Klinik I, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck.

Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Kidney function and structure inevitably decline with age, increasing risks for acute kidney injury. However, even in older adults, treatments like dialysis and transplantation remain viable options.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gerontology
  • Physiology

Context:

  • Aging leads to inevitable declines in renal anatomy and function.
  • Risk factors like arteriosclerosis can accelerate age-related kidney changes.
  • Reduced kidney mass, glomerulosclerosis, and decreased creatinine clearance are characteristic of aging kidneys.

Purpose:

  • To describe the physiological changes in the aging kidney.
  • To highlight the increased vulnerability of older kidneys to stressors and acute kidney injury.
  • To discuss the implications for drug dosing and therapeutic interventions in elderly patients with renal impairment.

Summary:

  • Renal function and anatomy progressively deteriorate with age, with creatinine clearance decreasing by approximately 50% after the third decade.

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  • Older kidneys have a diminished capacity to handle physiological stress, increasing the risk of acute renal failure.
  • Glomerulonephritis in the elderly, potentially due to vasculitis, can be treated effectively if diagnosed early.
  • Serum creatinine levels may not accurately reflect renal function in older adults, necessitating careful assessment for conditions like dialysis.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the need for age-specific considerations in managing kidney health.
    • Emphasizes the importance of adjusting drug dosages for elderly patients with reduced renal function.
    • Confirms that renal replacement therapies, including dialysis and transplantation, are feasible for elderly individuals.
    • Underscores the potential for improved renal outcomes with timely intervention in cases of glomerulonephritis in older populations.