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Related Experiment Videos

Brain, breathing and breathlessness

A Guz1

  • 1Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, UK. a.guz@cxwms.ac.uk

Respiration Physiology
|October 29, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding how we control breathing and perceive breathlessness is crucial. This review highlights the brainstem

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Voluntary and automatic breathing control mechanisms are distinct yet interconnected.
  • Perception of breathlessness, particularly that induced by carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation, is a complex sensory experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on voluntary/behavioural breathing alterations.
  • To summarize findings on the perception of CO2-induced breathlessness.
  • To explore the role of new neuroimaging and stimulation techniques in studying these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human respiratory control.
  • Analysis of studies employing functional brain imaging (e.g., fMRI).
  • Examination of research utilizing transcranial focal brain stimulation.

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  • Consideration of patient studies with specific neurological lesions.

    • Main Results:

    • The integrity and responsiveness of the ponto-medullary respiratory oscillator are essential for perceiving CO2-induced air hunger.
    • Neurological lesions provide insights into the neural pathways of breathing control and perception.
    • New methodologies offer advanced tools for investigating voluntary and involuntary respiratory modulation.

    Conclusions:

    • The ponto-medullary respiratory oscillator is a critical hub for respiratory control and sensation.
    • Significant gaps remain in understanding the interaction between voluntary and automatic respiratory control systems above the spinal cord.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the neural circuitry underlying the integration of respiratory control and perception.