Correlation between semen parameters and retrograde flow into the pampiniform plexus before and after varicocelectomy

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Reproductive Medicine
• Andrology

Background:

• Varicocele, a common cause of male infertility, is characterized by abnormal venous flow.
• Semen parameters (SP) are often impaired in men with varicocele.
• Retrograde flow (RF) into the pampiniform plexus is a key feature of varicocele.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of varicocele repair on semen parameters (SP).
• To assess the relationship between the persistence of retrograde flow (RF) and semen quality post-surgery.
• To determine the correlation between surgical outcomes and pregnancy rates.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of semen parameters (SP) in 158 varicocele patients before and after low inguinal spermatic vein ligation.
• Assessment of retrograde flow (RF) into the pampiniform plexus.
• Correlation of SP changes and RF status one year after surgery.

Main Results:

• Before surgery, all patients exhibited RF and reduced SP.
• Post-surgery, SP improved, and RF decreased over time.
• One year after repair, 86.1% of patients showed improved SP, with 91.1% of these having no RF.
• Pregnancy occurred in 41.6% of infertile men's partners, none of whom had persistent RF.

Conclusions:

• Disappearance of RF post-varicocelectomy is significantly correlated with improved SP.
• Successful varicocele repair, indicated by RF resolution, positively impacts fertility and pregnancy rates.
• RF assessment can serve as a valuable indicator of successful varicocelectomy.