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Related Experiment Videos

Update on lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis

N Fishback1, M Koss

  • 1Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is a lung disease with reactive lymphoid infiltrates. It is associated with autoimmune diseases in adults and HIV in children, with impaired lung function being a key indicator.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is defined by diffuse interstitial reactive lymphoid infiltrates in the lungs.
  • It commonly presents with autoimmune diseases in adults (e.g., Sjögren's syndrome) and HIV infection in children.
  • Dysproteinemias are prevalent in over 60% of LIP patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinicopathologic features, associations, and diagnostic indicators of Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP).
  • To differentiate LIP from other pulmonary lymphoid proliferations and potential evolution to lymphoma.
  • To highlight the role of lung function tests in assessing disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinicopathologic findings in patients with Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP).

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  • Analysis of radiographic and CT scan patterns.
  • Evaluation of pulmonary function tests, including diffusing capacity.
  • Microscopic examination of lung tissue to assess lymphoid infiltrates and spectrum of disease.

    • Main Results:

    • Radiographic findings include reticulonodular infiltrates; CT scans show nonspecific nodular and ground glass patterns.
    • Reduced lung volumes and diffusing capacities are sensitive indicators of LIP.
    • LIP exists within a spectrum of pulmonary lymphoid proliferations, with potential for evolution to lymphoma.
    • Epstein-Barr virus DNA is found in some LIP patients, suggesting varied etiologies.

    Conclusions:

    • Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is characterized by specific lung infiltrates and is linked to autoimmune conditions and HIV.
    • Pulmonary function tests, particularly diffusing capacity, are crucial for monitoring LIP progression.
    • Distinguishing LIP from other lymphoid proliferations and lymphoma requires careful clinicopathologic correlation.