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Right medial temporal-lobe contribution to object-location memory

B Milner1, I Johnsrude, J Crane

  • 1Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|November 22, 1997
PubMed
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Remembering object locations relies on the right parahippocampal gyrus, particularly the entorhinal cortex. Damage here impairs recalling object-place associations, not general location memory.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Object-location memory is crucial for survival and shared across species.
  • Right temporal-lobe lesions, especially hippocampal and parahippocampal, impair delayed recall of object locations.
  • Previous studies indicated deficits in information maintenance and retrieval, not initial encoding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific neuroanatomical correlates of object-place association memory.
  • To differentiate between deficits in object-place memory versus general spatial memory.
  • To determine the relative contributions of the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus to spatial memory tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to study brain activity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Computerized object-location and simple-location memory tasks were administered.
  • Analysis focused on blood-flow changes during memory retrieval in healthy individuals and patients with temporal lobe lesions.

    • Main Results:

    • The anterior part of the right parahippocampal gyrus, likely the entorhinal cortex, showed significant activation during object-place association retrieval.
    • Lesions in this region led to specific impairments in recalling object-place associations.
    • No significant difference was observed in simple location memory tasks, suggesting specificity.

    Conclusions:

    • The anterior right parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal cortex) plays a critical role in retrieving object-place associations.
    • This finding aligns with neurophysiological evidence from non-human primates.
    • The study clarifies the distinct neural basis for associating objects with their locations in memory.