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Malnutrition in geriatric patients: a neglected problem?
S Elmståhl1, M Persson, M Andrén
1Department of Community Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Journal of Advanced Nursing
|December 31, 1997
Summary
Geriatric patients in long-stay care often consume insufficient energy, increasing malnutrition and mortality risks. Regular dietary monitoring is crucial for this vulnerable population.
Area of Science:
- Geriatric Medicine
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Geriatric long-stay patients are at risk of malnutrition due to inadequate nutrient intake.
- Low energy intake is a significant concern in elderly populations residing in care facilities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate nutrient intake in geriatric long-stay patients.
- To determine the association between low energy intake and mortality risk in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- A 6-month follow-up study involving 61 geriatric patients (mean age 87 years).
- Dietary intake assessed via 9-day records; energy expenditure estimated using FAO/WHO equations.
- Mortality data collected and analyzed in relation to energy intake.
Main Results:
- 84% of patients had energy intake below estimated needs; 30% below basal metabolic rate (BMR).
- Deceased patients exhibited significantly lower mean energy intake (1185 kcal) compared to survivors (1401 kcal).
- Energy intake below the median (1378 kcal) was linked to a 12.5-fold increased 6-month mortality risk.
Conclusions:
- A high percentage of geriatric long-stay patients have inadequate dietary intake, posing a malnutrition risk.
- Low energy consumption is strongly associated with increased mortality in this population.
- Enhanced nutritional surveillance for geriatric long-stay patients is recommended.