[Cecílio Romaña, Romaña's sign and Chagas' disease]

Cecílio Romaña was an important Argentinean researcher dedicated to tropical diseases in the period 1930-1960, recently died in Barcelona. Working mainly on the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of American trypanosomiasis, Romaña became very famous in 1935 when he accurately described the most typical portal recognized in all the endemic area with the cognomen of "Romaña sign". This description caused an enormous polemic with Romaña's then director, the great Salvador Mazza, who never accepted the specificity of the sign and, much less, its popular name (which was proposed by the Brazilian researchers Emmanuel Dias and Evandro Chagas). This history is briefly summarized in the present article, as well as the great impact of Romaña's discovery in the recognition of the acute Chagas' disease in all the endemic area.