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[Esophageal carcinoma]

C La Vecchia1, A Decarli

  • 1Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano.

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oesophageal cancer mortality is intermediate in Italy, with significant regional variation. Tobacco, alcohol, and poor diet are major risk factors, accounting for most cases in both men and women.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Oesophageal cancer mortality rates in Italy have stabilized after initial increases, now ranking as intermediate within Europe.
  • Significant geographical disparities in oesophageal cancer incidence exist within Italy, particularly in the North-East.
  • Trends in major risk factors, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, correlate with oesophageal cancer mortality, especially in males.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between lifestyle factors and oesophageal cancer risk in Italy.
  • To quantify the population attributable risk of oesophageal cancer due to smoking, alcohol, and diet.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted in northern Italy.
  • Data on tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits (specifically intake of fresh fruit and vegetables) were collected.

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  • Relative risk (RR) and population attributable risk (PAR) were calculated for identified risk factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Heavy smokers had a relative risk (RR) of 4.3 for oesophageal cancer, while heavy drinkers had an RR of 3.5.
    • A diet deficient in fresh fruit and vegetables was associated with an RR of 2.5.
    • Tobacco smoking accounted for 71% of male and 32% of female cases; alcohol for 45% of male and 10% of female cases; and poor diet for 40% of male and 29% of female cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Tobacco, alcohol, and a diet low in fruits and vegetables are significant contributors to oesophageal cancer in Italy.
    • These three factors combined account for a substantial proportion of oesophageal cancer cases: 90% in men, 58% in women, and 83% in both sexes.
    • Public health interventions targeting these modifiable risk factors are crucial for reducing the burden of oesophageal cancer in Italy.