Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding

Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance

Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion, mediated...

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) modeling is essential in drug development and clinical pharmacology. It provides a quantitative framework to predict drug behavior and response over time. This approach integrates pharmacokinetics (PK), which describes the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, with pharmacodynamics (PD), which characterizes the drug’s biological effects and mechanisms of action.The disposition kinetics of a drug determine its plasma...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cloning, expression and functional characterization of prepared bovine, salmon, and cod basic fibroblast growth factor-2.

NPJ science of food·2025

Same author

Psychological factors influencing consumer intentions to consume cultured meat, fish and dairy.

Appetite·2024

Same author

The Longitudinal Association between Self-esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: Separating between-person effects from within-person effects.

European journal of personality·2019

Same author

An expert consensus to standardise definitions, diagnosis and treatment targets for anti-fibrotic stricture therapies in Crohn's disease.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2018

Same author

Associations among gait score, production data, abattoir registrations, and postmortem tibia measurements in broiler chickens.

Poultry science·2016

Same author

Soil Methane and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from Cropland and Riparian Buffers in Different Hydrogeomorphic Settings.

Journal of environmental quality·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model

Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model

Published on: June 18, 2013

Physiological "constants" for PBPK models for pregnancy

J F Young¹, W S Branham, D M Sheehan

¹Division of Reproductive and Development Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. JYOUNG@NCTR.FDA.GOV

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

|December 6, 1997

Summary

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for pregnancy are complex due to changing maternal and fetal tissues. New methods improve early embryo measurements, aiding teratogenesis research in animal models.

More Related Videos

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

Published on: August 2, 2017

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model

Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model

Published on: June 18, 2013

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

Published on: August 2, 2017

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Area of Science:

Pharmacokinetics and Developmental Toxicology
Physiological Modeling
Embryology

Background:

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for pregnancy are more complex than standard models due to dynamic maternal and embryo/fetal tissue growth.
Physiological parameters like volume and flow rates change significantly throughout gestation, unlike during acute experiments.
While human physiological data is available, similar data for laboratory animals, especially during early organogenesis, is scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the complexity of PBPK models in pregnancy.
To highlight the data gaps in animal models during critical developmental periods.
To introduce advanced imaging techniques for precise early embryo measurements.

Main Methods:

Utilized literature data for human physiological changes during gestation, including Gompertz equation for embryo/fetal growth.
Employed allometric modeling to extrapolate data from humans to animals, with validation limited to late embryonic/fetal stages.
Applied laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) for precise structural measurements and 3D reconstruction of early embryos.

Main Results:

Demonstrated that PBPK models for pregnancy require accounting for significant physiological variations.
Identified a lack of detailed embryonic and fetal tissue data in rodents during organogenesis.
Showcased LSCM's capability for accurate early embryonic structural measurements.

Conclusions:

PBPK models for pregnancy are essential for understanding chemical exposure during development.
Accurate data on maternal and embryonic physiological changes are crucial for robust PBPK models.
Advanced imaging techniques like LSCM can overcome limitations in measuring early embryonic development, aiding teratogenesis research.