Ileal orthotopic bladder substitutes. What we have learned from 12 years' experience with 200 patients
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Updated: Oct 31, 2026

Minimally Invasive Establishment of Murine Orthotopic Bladder Xenografts
Published on: February 11, 2014
1Department of Urology, University of Berne, Inselspital, Switzerland.
Abstract:
The perfect bladder substitute has not been devised yet. The ileal orthotopic bladder substitute, however, provides adequate capacity, convenient voiding patterns, optimal continence rate, preservation of renal function, acid-base balance, and calcium metabolism. The authors describe important surgical details based on experience with more than 200 patients. To achieve a good functional result, patient selection, postoperative voiding reeducation, and meticulous follow-up are important.
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