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Competition and performance on a computer-based complex perceptual-motor task

S Worchel1, W L Shebilske, J A Jordan

  • 1Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4235, USA. sww@psyc.tamu.edu

Human Factors
|December 12, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Competition benefits high-aptitude trainees in complex video game tasks, but not low-aptitude trainees. Group size and competition timing did not impact performance, supporting social facilitation theory for skilled individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Understanding factors influencing skill acquisition in complex tasks is crucial for effective training.
  • Social facilitation theory suggests that the presence of others can enhance performance on dominant tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of competition on skill acquisition in a complex video game task.
  • To examine how trainee aptitude and group size interact with competition to affect learning outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Temporary agency employees practiced the 'Space Fortress' video game over 10 sessions.
  • Trainees were grouped by aptitude (high/low) and practice condition (individual, dyads, tetrads).
  • Monetary prize competition was introduced at different training stages (early, late, none).

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Competition significantly facilitated performance for high-aptitude trainees.
  • Low-aptitude trainees did not benefit from the introduction of competition.
  • Group size and the timing of competition did not yield significant main effects or interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Competition acts as a performance enhancer for individuals with high existing skill levels in complex tasks.
  • The effectiveness of competition in training is moderated by individual aptitude, aligning with social facilitation principles.
  • Training interventions should consider individual differences in aptitude when incorporating competitive elements.