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Inducing positive mood without demand characteristics

J M Govern1, L A Marsch

  • 1Department of Psychology, Towson State University, Maryland 21252-7097, USA. govern-j@toe.towson.edu

Psychological Reports
|December 24, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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A small mirror enhanced positive mood induction in participants. Self-awareness, triggered by the mirror, amplified the effects of mood-influencing procedures, unlike when the mirror was absent.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Mood-induction procedures aim to alter emotional states.
  • Self-awareness can influence emotional processing and responses.
  • The role of self-awareness in amplifying mood effects is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if private self-awareness, induced by a mirror, can enhance positive mood induction.
  • To examine the interaction between self-awareness and mood-influencing procedures.

Main Methods:

  • 171 female and 60 male undergraduates participated.
  • A 2x3 factorial design was employed: Mirror vs. No-mirror and Control vs. Velten manipulation vs. Music manipulation.
  • Participants were randomly assigned to one of the six conditions.

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Main Results:

  • Participants exposed to mood-induction procedures (Velten, Music) with a mirror reported significantly elevated mood compared to controls.
  • Mood levels did not differ from controls when mood-induction procedures were used without a mirror.
  • The presence of a mirror facilitated the effectiveness of positive mood induction.

Conclusions:

  • Private self-awareness, induced by a mirror, can significantly enhance the efficacy of positive mood-induction techniques.
  • Mirrors may serve as a non-explicit method to prime individuals for mood changes.
  • Findings suggest self-awareness is a crucial factor in modulating responses to mood interventions.