Aspects of HIV infection: current infection control policies for HIV

A coherent infection control policy within healthcare facilities designed for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection requires the application of a risk management strategy. The central feature is the adoption of universal precautions whereby it is assumed that all patients could potentially be infected by HIV. The major tenets of this are the adoption of good clinical hygiene and the adoption of agreed infection control policies with a consistent approach throughout the institution. This involves a teaching and training programme, and clearly defined policies to protect individuals from HIV infection itself and infection with other pathogens, in particular tuberculosis. Special attention is required for bronchoscopy and lung function, as well as a coherent and proactive policy regarding chemoprophylaxis for HIV infection following accidental injury such as needlestick.