Interaction of the von Willebrand factor with platelets and thrombosis

The human von Willebrand factor (vWf) is a multimeric glycoprotein present in plasma, platelets, endothelial cells and subendothelium and synthesized in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. vWf plays a pivotal role in the mechanisms of blood clotting and platelet thrombus formation; quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of vWf cause the most common congenital bleeding disorder in man, the von Willebrand disease. vWf stabilizes factor VIII and interacts with subendothelial components and with platelet membrane receptors. The multimeric structure of vWf provides an array of binding sites which allows multivalent interactions with its ligands, thus supporting the formation of stable platelet aggregates at the site of vascular injury, particularly under flow conditions characterized by high shear stress. In the last years, remarkable progress has been made toward understanding the structure of vWf protein and gene, and the elucidation of many structure-function relationships, which may result in improved therapeutic intervention for vWD patients, and in the development of effective strategies for antithrombotic therapy.