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Obesity and reproduction

G A Bray1

  • 1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.

Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)
|December 24, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity significantly impacts reproductive health in both sexes, affecting hormone levels and fertility. Leptin, a key hormone, plays a role in regulating reproductive functions and energy balance.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to diverse reproductive system alterations.
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis influences food intake, body weight, and fat distribution.
  • Reproductive dysfunction is a common comorbidity of obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted effects of obesity on the reproductive system in males and females.
  • To explore the role of hormones like leptin and estrogen in mediating these effects.
  • To examine animal models of obesity and their reproductive consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on obesity and reproduction.
  • Analysis of hormonal changes (testosterone, leptin, estrogen) in obese individuals and animal models.

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  • Investigation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in relation to obesity.

    • Main Results:

    • Obesity reduces testosterone levels in men and leads to earlier menarche in obese girls.
    • Leptin, secreted by adipose tissue, may signal adequate fat stores for reproduction.
    • Animal models show infertility and impaired reproductive function with obesity; hypothalamic lesions affect weight gain differently by gender.

    Conclusions:

    • Obesity profoundly disrupts reproductive health through complex hormonal and neural pathways.
    • Estrogen's inhibitory effects on food intake may involve neuropeptide systems.
    • Understanding these interactions is crucial for managing reproductive and metabolic health.