Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

How does interoceptive exposure for panic disorder work? An uncontrolled case study

J G Beck1, J C Shipherd, B J Zebb

  • 1Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260-4110, USA. jgbeck@acsu.buffalo.edu

Journal of Anxiety Disorders
|January 4, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cognitive errors, symptom severity, and response to cognitive behavior therapy in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder.

The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry·2007
Same author

Response to repeated CO2 in individuals with elevated anxiety sensitivity: replication with 20% CO2.

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry·2001
Same author

Specificity of Stroop interference in patients with pain and PTSD.

Journal of abnormal psychology·2001
Same author

Worry content reported by older adults with and without generalized anxiety disorder.

Aging & mental health·2001
Same author

Relationships between the anxiety sensitivity index, the suffocation fear scale, and responses to CO2 inhalation.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2001
Same author

Generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: examining the relation between clinician severity ratings and patient self-report measures.

Depression and anxiety·2001
Same journal

Positive and negative affect influence learning during exposure therapy: Secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same journal

A network analysis of disgust proneness in a clinical, adolescent sample: Implications for the treatment of OCD.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same journal

High sensitivity, low specificity: Validation and diagnostic accuracy study of the PCL-5 in an Arabic-speaking treatment-seeking sample.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same journal

Symptom trajectories in intensive outpatient treatment exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same journal

A continuum is not a hammer: Response to Lowell and Markowitz (2026) on the exposure continuum model.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same journal

Autobiographical reasoning following the November 2015 Paris attacks: To the roots of meaning-making.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
See all related articles

Interoceptive exposure (IE) effectively reduces panic and anxiety in Panic Disorder (PD) patients. However, it does not improve agoraphobia or depressed mood, with habituation showing faster results.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • Panic Disorder (PD) is a debilitating condition characterized by recurrent panic attacks.
  • Current treatments often involve exposure therapy, but the specific role of interoceptive exposure (IE) alone requires further investigation.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of fear reduction in PD is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Observation:

  • This study investigated the efficacy of six sessions of interoceptive exposure (IE) using 35% CO2 in 17 patients diagnosed with Panic Disorder (PD).
  • Two distinct patterns of within-session fear response to IE were observed: habituation and lack of fear reduction.
  • Patients receiving IE showed significant reductions in panic symptoms, panic-related fears, and general anxiety.

Findings:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Interoceptive exposure (IE) as a standalone treatment demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating panic symptoms and associated anxiety in PD patients.
  • The positive effects of IE did not extend to improvements in agoraphobia, related fears, or depressive symptoms.
  • Patients exhibiting a habituation response to IE experienced more rapid and positive outcomes compared to those without fear reduction during sessions.

Implications:

  • These findings suggest that IE may be a valuable component in the treatment of Panic Disorder, particularly for panic and anxiety symptoms.
  • The identification of distinct fear response patterns suggests that IE might operate through different psychophysiological pathways.
  • Future research should explore these pathways further and investigate how to optimize IE protocols for broader symptom improvement in PD and related conditions.