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Uranium in urine--normalization to creatinine

Z Karpas1, A Lorber, E Elish

  • 1Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Health Physics
|February 12, 1998
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

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Uranium levels in spot urine samples vary significantly. Expressing uranium concentration per gram of creatinine, instead of per liter, provides a more accurate measure of occupational exposure. This adjustment accounts for diurnal variations.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Spot urine samples are standard for monitoring occupational exposure to heavy metals like uranium, mercury, lead, and cadmium.
  • Diurnal variations in urine composition can affect the accuracy of heavy metal concentration measurements.
  • Previous methods lack precision due to natural fluctuations in hydration and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate diurnal variations in uranium concentration in spot urine samples.
  • To determine if uranium levels correlate with creatinine levels in urine.
  • To propose a more accurate method for assessing occupational uranium exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Collected multiple spot urine samples from five subjects over time.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured uranium concentrations in each urine sample.
  • Measured creatinine levels in the same urine samples.
  • Analyzed the correlation between uranium and creatinine concentrations.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant diurnal variations in uranium concentration were observed in spot urine samples.
    • Uranium concentrations strongly correlated with creatinine levels (R = 0.72-0.99).
    • Creatinine adjustment normalizes uranium measurements, reducing variability.

    Conclusions:

    • Expressing uranium concentration as ng uranium per gram of creatinine (ng U/g Cr) is more reliable than ng uranium per liter (ng U/L).
    • This adjusted method improves the accuracy of assessing internal uranium dose from spot urine samples.
    • The findings support a revised standard for occupational uranium exposure monitoring.