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A working cardiac valve phantom for radiographic assessment of prosthetic heart valves
H J Leyenaar1, A H Abolfathi, D M Bakalyar
1Shiley Heart Valve Research Center, Irvine, CA, USA.
Rationale And Objectives:
A working valve phantom (WVP) that both exercises the valve occluder and simulates movements of the mitral annulus is described. It was designed to develop a method for radiographic detection of a single broken leg of the two-legged Björk-Shiley convexo-concave (C/C) heart valve outlet strut.
Methods:
The WVP consists of a pneumatically driven left ventricular assist device immersed in 22 cm of water. Left ventricular assist device annulus movements are generated by systolic turgor and diastolic relaxation of the aortic outflow graft within limits set by the holding fixture design.
Results:
WVP images were comparable in attenuation, valve motion, and diagnostic sensitivity to clinical C/C valve images and were effective in assessing leaflet excursions in another valve model. Techniques developed in the WVP have proved successful in the clinical detection of C/C valves that have a single broken leg but that show normal function in all other tests.
Conclusion:
The WVP can be a useful tool for developing refined radiographic assessments of prosthetic heart valves.