Oral manifestations of HIV disease: an update

More than 40 different oral diseases and conditions have been described in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The recognition of the oral manifestations of HIV disease is of great significance because they may represent the first signs of the disease and have been shown to be highly predictive markers of severe immune deterioration and disease progression. Although some oral diseases and conditions have a weak association with HIV disease, others are strongly linked with the disorder, and a few are acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining in nature. The spectrum of oral manifestations of HIV disease is reviewed with emphasis on clinical recognition, diagnosis, and treatment.