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Histocompatibility antigens and manic-depressive disorders

R W Shapiro, E Bock, O J Rafaelsen

    Archives of General Psychiatry
    |July 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study found specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types are more common in patients with manic-depressive illness. Further research is needed to confirm these findings for bipolar disorder and HLA associations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunogenetics
    • Psychiatry
    • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system

    Background:

    • Manic-depressive illness, now known as bipolar disorder, has complex genetic underpinnings.
    • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes play a crucial role in immune response and have been investigated for associations with various diseases, including psychiatric disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate potential associations between specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigens and manic-depressive illness in a Danish patient cohort.
    • To identify if certain HLA profiles are more prevalent in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder compared to controls.

    Main Methods:

    • Histocompatibility (HLA) typing was performed on 47 unrelated Danish patients diagnosed with manic-depressive illness using strict diagnostic, symptomatic, and course criteria.

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  • Patient HLA antigen frequencies were compared to those of a control group.

    • Main Results:

    • A higher prevalence of HLA-A3, HLA-B7, and HLA-Bw16 antigens was observed in manic-depressive patients compared to controls.
    • A lower prevalence of HLA-B8 was found in manic-depressive patients.
    • All patients positive for HLA-Bw16 were diagnosed with bipolar disorder, not unipolar depression.
    • After statistical correction for multiple comparisons, only the association between bipolar disorder and specific HLA types remained significant.

    Conclusions:

    • The study suggests a potential association between certain HLA antigens and manic-depressive illness, particularly bipolar disorder.
    • The findings warrant cautious interpretation due to the sample size and number of antigens tested.
    • Replication in independent cohorts is essential to validate these HLA associations in bipolar disorder.