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Human placental growth hormone

E Alsat1, J Guibourdenche, D Luton

  • 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 427, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris V, France.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|January 10, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Placental growth hormone (PGH), produced by the placenta, replaces pituitary growth hormone in maternal circulation during pregnancy. PGH plays a role in maternal adaptation and insulin-like growth factor-I regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Placental growth hormone (PGH) is a unique variant of growth hormone, encoded by the GH-V gene and exclusively expressed in the human placenta.
  • PGH differs from pituitary growth hormone (PGH) by 13 amino acids, exhibiting distinct somatogenic and lactogenic activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role and secretion patterns of placental growth hormone (PGH) during human gestation.
  • To investigate the implications of PGH secretion on maternal physiology, particularly insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels and its association with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized specific monoclonal antibody assays to quantify PGH and pituitary GH in maternal circulation.
  • Conducted in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the effects of glucose on PGH secretion.

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  • Measured PGH levels in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction.

    • Main Results:

    • PGH gradually replaces pituitary GH in maternal circulation from mid-gestation onwards.
    • PGH is secreted continuously by the placenta, influencing maternal IGF-I levels.
    • PGH secretion is inhibited by glucose and reduced in pregnancies with IUGR.
    • PGH is not detectable in fetal circulation, suggesting no direct fetal growth impact.

    Conclusions:

    • Placental growth hormone (PGH) is a key endocrine factor during pregnancy, regulating maternal adaptations.
    • PGH's role in controlling maternal IGF-I and its altered levels in IUGR highlight its importance in pregnancy outcomes.
    • Further research may explore PGH's autocrine/paracrine functions in placental development via growth hormone receptors.