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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Parietal cortex and spatial-postural transformation during arm movements

M F Rushworth1, H Johansen-Berg, S A Young

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|February 21, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parietal motor areas 5, MIP, and 7b are crucial for transforming desired hand position into arm posture and coordinating arm joints. Lesions disrupted these functions but not basic reaching or movement speed.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Parietal motor areas (5, MIP, 7b) show spatially tuned activity during movements.
  • The precise role of these areas in sensorimotor transformations remains unclear, especially regarding limb posture and coordination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if parietal motor areas are involved in transforming desired hand position into limb postural configuration.
  • To determine the role of these areas in interjoint coordination during reaching movements in the dark.

Main Methods:

  • Six macaque monkeys were trained to perform reaching tasks in darkness.
  • Lesions were introduced in the parietal cortex (areas 5, MIP, 7b) in three macaques.
  • Behavioral analysis focused on spatial-postural transformations and interjoint coordination.

Main Results:

  • Lesions disrupted the relationship between hand position and limb posture, indicating impaired spatial-postural transformation.
  • Intercoordination of hand and arm movements was significantly affected post-lesion.
  • No significant changes were observed in joint movement range, velocity, or hand trajectory curvature.

Conclusions:

  • Parietal areas 5, MIP, and 7b are essential for transforming desired hand position into arm postural configuration.
  • These areas are critical for interjoint coordination during reaching movements.
  • They are not essential for initial target-to-hand position transformations or basic movement kinematics.