Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 17, 2026

Non-radioactive in situ Hybridization Protocol Applicable for Norway Spruce and a Range of Plant Species
Published on: April 17, 2009
A floral third whorl-specific marker gene in the dioecious species white campion is differentially expressed in
S Hinnisdaels1, A Lardon, N Barbacar
1Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
Abstract:
The CCLS4 gene of white campion is specifically expressed in anther epidermis and endothecium from pre- to post-meiotic stages. We report on a detailed in situ analysis of the gene's expression and show that it is a marker of the floral third whorl. The gene is expressed (1) in the anther (epidermis, parietal cells and the derived endothecium) in normally developing stamens and (2) in distinct sub-domains of third-whorl epidermis in mutants exhibiting aberrant states of parietal differentiation. Our results suggest that CCLS4 may fulfil different functions during pre- and post-meiotic anther development and reveal the complex role parietal cells may play during early stamen formation.
Related Concept Videos
Dihybrid Crosses
Law of Segregation
Test Cross
Morphogenesis
Position-effect Variegation
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...

