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Charge interactions in sperm-egg recognition

J Philip1, L G Rodriguez, R A Bada

  • 1Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge 91330-8303, USA.

Acta Histochemica
|January 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Phosphorylated sugars inhibit sea urchin fertilization by blocking sperm-egg interactions, but do not affect embryo cell reaggregation. This suggests charged molecules mediate sperm-egg binding.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Previous studies suggested phosphorylated amino acids form stable bonds with positively charged peptides.
  • The validity of these hypotheses required testing additional phosphorylated molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of various phosphorylated sugars on sea urchin embryo cell reaggregation and sperm-egg interaction.
  • To extend previous findings on molecular bonding mechanisms to living cell systems.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the effects of D-mannose, D-mannose-1-phosphate, D-fructose, D-fructose-1-phosphate, maltose, and maltose-1-phosphate on Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
  • Tested interactions with untreated, jelly coat-free, and vitelline layer-disrupted sea urchin eggs.
  • Assessed embryo cell reaggregation and sperm-egg fertilization rates.

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Main Results:

  • Phosphorylated sugars (50 mM) strongly inhibited fertilization across all egg types, unlike their non-phosphorylated forms.
  • ATP also inhibited fertilization at low concentrations (0.8 mM).
  • Phosphorylated sugars had minimal impact on sea urchin blastula cell reaggregation.

Conclusions:

  • Sperm-egg interaction in sea urchins likely involves complementary charged receptors.
  • Exogenously added phosphorylated molecules may block positively charged sperm receptors, inhibiting fertilization.
  • Extending bead-based findings to living systems provides insights into molecular adhesion mechanisms.