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Self-injurious behaviour and body site preference

F J Symons1, T Thompson

  • 1John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR
|January 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Self-injury in individuals with intellectual disabilities often targets the head and hands, with specific locations on the front of the head and back of the hands. Some injuries occur at pain-reducing sites.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Self-injury is a significant challenge for individuals with intellectual disabilities, impacting their quality of life.
  • Limited data exists on the specific body locations targeted by self-injurious behavior (SIB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the distribution and location of body sites injured by school-age individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities who engage in daily self-injury.
  • To provide preliminary data on SIB body site locations for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected by teaching staff in school-based special education programs.
  • Focus on 29 school-age individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities who self-injured daily.
  • Recording of specific body locations where self-injury occurred.

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Main Results:

  • Approximately 80% of self-injury was directed toward the head and hands.
  • Head-directed SIB was primarily on the front of the head (75%).
  • Hand-directed SIB was predominantly on the back of the hands (83%).
  • 32% of injured body sites were located on stimulation-produced analgesia sites.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest specific patterns in SIB body site targeting, particularly the head and hands.
  • Results have implications for understanding the opioid hypothesis of SIB.
  • Highlights the need for future research on functional diagnostic strategies incorporating social and biological factors.