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Aplastic anemia or aplastic preleukemic syndrome?

T Jameel¹, M Anwar, S I Abdi

¹Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Annals of Hematology

|January 20, 1998

Summary

Aplastic anemia may be a precursor to leukemia. Chromosomal abnormalities, detected in 22.5% of patients, suggest a potential leukemic process in evolution for some aplastic anemia cases.

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Cytogenetics

Background:

Aplastic anemia incidence is high in Pakistan.
Shared etiological factors exist between aplastic anemia and preleukemic syndrome.
Chromosomal abnormalities can indicate preleukemia.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate chromosomal abnormalities in patients with aplastic anemia.
To determine if aplastic anemia cases could represent an early stage of leukemia.

Main Methods:

Peripheral blood cell cultures from 31 aplastic anemia patients.
Karyotyping to detect chromosomal abnormalities.

Main Results:

Chromosomal abnormalities found in 7 (22.5%) patients.

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Trisomy 8 was the most common abnormality (4 cases).

Other abnormalities included 22q-, t(14;22), and t(15;21).

Conclusions:

A proportion of aplastic anemia cases may be evolving leukemic processes.
Chromosomal analysis can aid in identifying preleukemic states.
Findings support the hypothesis of aplastic anemia as a potential precursor to leukemia.