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Fiber optic-based biosensor for ricin

U Narang1, G P Anderson, F S Ligler

  • 1Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
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This study presents a sensitive fiber-optic biosensor for detecting the toxic protein ricin at low concentrations. The avidin-biotin method offers enhanced detection compared to direct antibody coating.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ricin is a highly toxic protein requiring sensitive detection methods.
  • Fiber-optic biosensors offer potential for rapid and specific analyte detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize an evanescent wave fiber-optic biosensor for ricin detection.
  • To compare different antibody immobilization strategies for enhanced sensitivity and dynamic range.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of optical fibers with immobilized anti-ricin antibodies via direct coating or avidin-biotin linkage.
  • Utilizing a sandwich immunoassay format for ricin detection.
  • Investigating ricin's interaction with sensor surface components at higher concentrations.

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Main Results:

  • The avidin-biotin immobilization method yielded higher sensitivity and a wider linear dynamic range (100 pg/ml–250 ng/ml) than direct antibody coating.
  • Achieved limits of detection for ricin in buffer at 100 pg/ml and in river water at 1 ng/ml.
  • Identified ricin's lectin activity as the cause of non-specific binding to avidin, which was mitigated by using neutravidin or adding galactose.

Conclusions:

  • Evanescent wave fiber-optic biosensors, particularly with avidin-biotin chemistry, provide a sensitive platform for ricin detection.
  • Understanding and mitigating non-specific binding is crucial for accurate biosensor performance.
  • This technology holds promise for rapid ricin detection in environmental and biological samples.