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Bonding of composite resin using different enamel etchants
P J van der Vyver1, F A de Wet, J M Jansen van Rensburg
1Division of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria.
The Journal of the Dental Association of South Africa = Die Tydskrif Van Die Tandheelkundige Vereniging Van Suid-Afrika
|March 1, 1997
Summary
This study compared enamel bond strengths of various etchants. Conventional 35% phosphoric acid showed superior shear bond strength compared to 10% maleic acid, 10% phosphoric acid, and 10% citric acid/3% ferric chloride etchants.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Adhesive Dentistry
- Surface Chemistry
Background:
- Enamel etching is crucial for composite resin bonding in dentistry.
- Various etchants, including phosphoric acid, maleic acid, and citric acid/ferric chloride, are used with differing concentrations and application times.
- Understanding the impact of these etchants on shear bond strength is essential for clinical success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to enamel etched with different types and concentrations of enamel etchants.
- To determine the efficacy of novel etchant formulations against conventional phosphoric acid.
- To provide data for selecting optimal enamel etchants in restorative dentistry.
Main Methods:
- An in vitro study utilizing five groups of enamel etchants: 35% phosphoric acid (control), 10% phosphoric acid, 10% maleic acid, 65% phosphoric acid, and 10% citric acid/3% ferric chloride.
- Composite resin stubs were bonded to etched enamel surfaces using a standardized method.
- Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine after 24-hour water storage.
- Enamel micromorphology was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Main Results:
- The control group (35% phosphoric acid) exhibited the highest shear bond strength (23.9 MPa).
- Etchants including 10% maleic acid (18.0 MPa), 10% phosphoric acid (18.9 MPa), and 10% citric acid/3% ferric chloride (15.6 MPa) demonstrated significantly lower shear bond strengths compared to the control.
- 65% phosphoric acid showed a comparable bond strength (20.4 MPa) to the control.
Conclusions:
- Conventional 35% phosphoric acid remains a highly effective enamel etchant for achieving optimal composite resin bond strength.
- Certain alternative etchants, such as 10% maleic acid and 10% citric acid/3% ferric chloride, yield inferior bond strengths and may not be suitable replacements.
- Further research into optimal concentrations and application times for alternative etchants is warranted.