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Avoidable cancers in the Nordic countries. Aims and background
1Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society.
Abstract:
In 1989, an action plan was adopted by the Nordic Council of Ministers with the aim of reducing cancer mortality in the Nordic countries by 15% around the year 2000. This was to be achieved by removing the causes of cancer, by the early diagnosis of cancer and by improving cancer treatment. The results so far have been disappointing. As the causes of many cancers have been identified over the past 40-50 years, the most efficient way of reducing cancer mortality on the basis of current knowledge would be to reduce the prevalence of exposure of the population to cancer-causing agents. Such preventive measures take time to implement, however; furthermore, since the process of carcinogenesis entails a lag period that varies from several years to decades, a decrease in cancer mortality will not be immediately evident. We review here the methodological background for estimating the numbers and proportions of cancers in the Nordic countries that could be avoided through primary prevention.
Insights
Reducing cancer mortality requires addressing carcinogen exposure. Primary prevention is key, but its effects on cancer rates are delayed, necessitating long-term strategies for measurable impact.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Cancer Research
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Nordic Council of Ministers adopted an action plan in 1989 to decrease cancer mortality by 15% by 2000.
- The plan focused on cancer cause removal, early diagnosis, and improved treatment.
- Initial results have been disappointing, indicating a need for revised strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the methodological background for estimating avoidable cancer cases through primary prevention in Nordic countries.
- To assess the potential impact of reducing exposure to carcinogens on cancer mortality.
- To provide a framework for evaluating primary prevention's role in cancer control.
Main Methods:
- Review of methodological approaches for quantifying preventable cancer cases.
- Analysis of the relationship between carcinogen exposure and cancer incidence.
- Examination of the lag period in carcinogenesis and its effect on mortality trends.
Main Results:
- The study highlights the significant potential of primary prevention in reducing cancer burden.
- Identified that reducing exposure to cancer-causing agents is the most efficient strategy based on current knowledge.
- Emphasized that the long latency period of cancer means mortality reductions from prevention are not immediate.
Conclusions:
- Primary prevention, by reducing exposure to carcinogens, is crucial for long-term cancer mortality reduction.
- Methodological frameworks are essential for estimating the impact of preventive measures.
- Sustained implementation of preventive strategies is necessary to observe significant decreases in cancer mortality.