Patterns of ovarian growth and development in cattle with a growth hormone receptor deficiency

Nutritionally induced changes in growth hormone (GH) and IGF-I are associated with decreased ovarian function and may partially explain infertility and anestrus in undernourished cattle. The reproductive importance of GH and IGF-I was tested in cattle with a GH receptor deficiency (GHRD) that have reduced blood IGF-I. Blood was collected daily for plasma, and ovaries were examined daily by ultrasonography for 3 wk during an estrous cycle (estrus = d 0) in GHRD (n = 8) and control (n = 8) cattle. On d 18, blood samples were collected every 10 min for 6 h to measure LH. The GHRD cattle had fewer small antral ovarian follicles (2 to 5 mm, P < .01). After estrous cycle d 5, the first-wave dominant follicle stopped growing in GHRD but continued growing in controls (P < .001). Size of the CL was equivalent for GHRD and controls until d 5, after which CL development slowed in GHRD (P < .01). Likewise, plasma progesterone concentrations were less in GHRD (P < .001). During the luteal phase, GHRD cattle failed to develop follicles greater than 10 mm in diameter (endocrine status x day, P < .05). Size and rate of growth of preovulatory follicles, plasma estradiol, plasma FSH, and plasma LH (d 18 bleed) were similar in GHRD and controls. In conclusion, an important role for GH, GH receptor, and IGF-I in ovarian function was supported because GHRD cattle had distinctly different patterns of ovarian development compared with control cattle.