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Human sclera: thickness and surface area

T W Olsen1, S Y Aaberg, D H Geroski

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. olsen@eyesee.ophth.wisc.edu

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|February 19, 1998
PubMed
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Human scleral thickness varies significantly, decreasing near the equator and increasing towards the optic nerve. These measurements and the total scleral surface area are crucial for ophthalmic surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The sclera, the eye's protective outer layer, plays a critical role in maintaining ocular structure and function.
  • Understanding scleral dimensions is essential for various ophthalmic procedures and drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the mean thickness and surface area of the human sclera.
  • To provide precise anatomical data for ophthalmic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Human eye bank eyes (n=55) were sectioned, and scleral thickness was measured from photographs.
  • Scleral surface area was determined using computerized tracing (n=17) and fluid displacement (n=8).

Main Results:

  • Mean scleral thickness varied, measuring 0.53 ± 0.14 mm at the limbus, 0.39 ± 0.17 mm equatorially, and 0.9–1.0 mm near the optic nerve.

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  • The mean total scleral surface area was approximately 16.3–17.0 cm².

    • Conclusions:

    • Scleral thickness and surface area measurements provide vital data for ophthalmic surgeons.
    • These anatomical parameters have significant implications for understanding transscleral drug diffusion and designing surgical interventions.