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Amorphous phase formation in plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings

K A Gross1, C C Berndt, H Herman

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
|February 19, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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The amorphous phase content in hydroxyapatite coatings depends on spraying conditions. Key factors influencing amorphous phase formation include dehydroxylation, cooling rate, and substrate temperature, impacting implant fixation.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Biomedical Coatings

Background:

  • Hydroxyapatite coatings are crucial for biomedical implants, aiming to enhance bone integration.
  • The phase composition (amorphous vs. crystalline) of hydroxyapatite coatings significantly influences their biological performance.
  • Air plasma spraying is a common method for applying hydroxyapatite coatings, but controlling phase content can be challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of air plasma spraying parameters on the amorphous phase content of hydroxyapatite coatings.
  • To identify the critical factors governing the formation and distribution of the amorphous phase.
  • To understand how phase distribution affects potential clinical outcomes like bone deposition.

Main Methods:

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  • Utilized X-ray diffraction (XRD) to quantitatively assess the amorphous and crystalline phases.
  • Employed optical microscopy to visually analyze the microstructure and phase distribution.
  • Systematically varied air plasma spraying and deposition parameters to study their effects.

Main Results:

  • Amorphous phase content is highly sensitive to spraying and deposition conditions.
  • Three primary factors significantly influence amorphous phase formation: dehydroxylation during flight, impingement cooling rate, and substrate temperature.
  • Crystalline regions were identified as unmelted particles and recrystallized areas.
  • Amorphous regions were predominantly observed at the coating-substrate interface, decreasing towards the coating surface.

Conclusions:

  • Spray parameters critically control the amorphous phase content in hydroxyapatite coatings.
  • The inhomogeneous distribution of amorphous and crystalline phases, particularly the interface concentration, is a key characteristic.
  • Understanding and controlling these phase distributions is essential for optimizing implant fixation and clinical success.