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Prostate cancer in American Indians, New Mexico, 1969 to 1994
1Department of Medicine, New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, USA.
Purpose:
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death among American Indian men.
Materials And Methods:
To describe further the occurrence of prostate cancer among American Indian men, we examined population based incidence, treatment, survival and mortality data for American Indians in New Mexico during the 25-year period 1969 to 1994.
Results:
Although American Indian men have a lower risk of prostate cancer than nonHispanic white men, the incidence and mortality rates are rising for American Indians, and mortality rates are now equal to those for nonHispanic white men. During the 25-year period age adjusted incidence rates for American Indians increased from 42.2/100,000 (95% confidence interval 27.1 to 57.3) to 64.6/100,000 (95% confidence interval 46.2 to 83.0). The burden of prostate cancer among American Indian men compared with nonHispanic white men was reflected in disproportionately high mortality rates in relation to incidence rates. The mortality rates were high because American Indian cases were more advanced at diagnosis, 23.3% of prostate cancers were diagnosed after distant spread had occurred compared with 11.6% for nonHispanic white men and the 5-year relative survival rate was poorer (57.1% compared with 77.6% for nonHispanic white men).
Conclusions:
Effective and culturally sensitive cancer control efforts for prostate cancer in American Indian communities are urgently needed.
Insights
Prostate cancer incidence and mortality are rising among American Indian men, with higher rates of advanced diagnosis and poorer survival compared to non-Hispanic white men. Culturally sensitive interventions are urgently needed.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer death for American Indian men.
- Significant disparities exist in prostate cancer outcomes within this demographic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the incidence, treatment, survival, and mortality of prostate cancer among American Indian men in New Mexico.
- To compare these outcomes with non-Hispanic white men over a 25-year period (1969-1994).
Main Methods:
- Utilized population-based data on prostate cancer occurrence in American Indian men.
- Analyzed incidence, treatment, survival, and mortality rates from 1969 to 1994.
- Compared data with non-Hispanic white men for risk and outcome assessment.
Main Results:
- While American Indian men have a lower initial risk, prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing.
- Mortality rates for American Indian men now equal those of non-Hispanic white men.
- American Indian men present with more advanced disease at diagnosis (23.3% vs. 11.6%) and have poorer 5-year relative survival rates (57.1% vs. 77.6%).
Conclusions:
- Prostate cancer poses a significant and growing burden on American Indian men.
- Disparities are driven by later diagnosis and poorer survival rates.
- Urgent need for effective, culturally sensitive prostate cancer control programs in American Indian communities.