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[Polyorchidism: 2 case reports]

F Mastroeni1, A D'Amico, E Barbi

  • 1Cattedra e Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia, Università degli Studi, Ospedale Policlinico, Verona.

Archivio Italiano Di Urologia, Andrologia : Organo Ufficiale [Di] Societa Italiana Di Ecografia Urologica E Nefrologica
|March 28, 1998
PubMed
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Polyorchidism, a rare congenital anomaly, involves having more than two testes. This summary explains its embryogenic classification, associated conditions like cryptorchidism, and when surgical intervention is unnecessary.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Developmental Biology
  • Urologic Surgery

Background:

  • Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of supernumerary testes, with fewer than 70 cases reported.
  • The exact etiology remains unknown, with theories including anomalous cell appropriation, longitudinal duplication, or transverse division of the genital ridge.

Observation:

  • A functional classification categorizes polyorchidism into three types based on embryogenic development and the presence of epididymis and vas deferens.
  • Most patients are asymptomatic, presenting with painless groin or testicular masses, while associated conditions include cryptorchidism, indirect hernia, torsion, hydrocele, and infertility.
  • Testicular malignancy risk is elevated, particularly in cases associated with cryptorchidism.

Findings:

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  • Two cases of polyorchidism are presented: one likely due to longitudinal genital ridge division and the other a complete duplication of primordial gonads.
  • Diagnostic imaging, including scrotal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging, confirmed the presence of supernumerary testes in both patients.
  • Patients reported vague, intermittent testicular pain.

    • Implications:

    • In the absence of associated disorders and with negative findings for testicular tumors via imaging, surgical exploration and biopsy for polyorchidism may be unnecessary.
    • Understanding the embryogenic origins and classification aids in managing this rare anomaly.
    • Routine screening for malignancy in patients with polyorchidism, especially those with cryptorchidism, is crucial.