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Abstract:
Rat-bite fever (RBF) is a systemic bacterial illness caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis that can be acquired through the bite or scratch of a rodent or the ingestion of food or water contaminated with rat feces. Cases are rarely reported in the United States and the true incidence of disease is unknown. On August 7, 1996, a physician in a rural community reported a case of infection with S. moniliformis bacteremia in a 15-year-old boy to the New Mexico Department of Health. This report summarizes the results of the investigation of this case and indicates the need for ongoing surveillance for this illness.
Insights
Rat-bite fever (RBF), a bacterial illness from Streptobacillus moniliformis, is rarely reported in the US. This case highlights the need for better surveillance of RBF infections.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Bacteriology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rat-bite fever (RBF) is a systemic bacterial illness caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis.
- Transmission occurs through rodent bites/scratches or contaminated food/water.
- RBF is rarely reported in the United States, with unknown incidence.
Observation:
- A case of S. moniliformis bacteremia in a 15-year-old boy was reported in rural New Mexico.
- The case occurred in August 1996.
- The report details the investigation of this specific RBF case.
Findings:
- Confirms S. moniliformis as the causative agent of RBF.
- Demonstrates a potential route of transmission through environmental contamination.
- Illustrates a sporadic case in a previously under-reported region.
Implications:
- Highlights the importance of recognizing RBF symptoms for timely diagnosis.
- Underscores the need for enhanced surveillance of RBF in the US.
- Suggests RBF may be more prevalent than current data indicate.