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Cancer risks among workers exposed to metalworking fluids: a systematic review
G M Calvert1, E Ward, T M Schnorr
1Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. jac6@cdc.gov
American Journal of Industrial Medicine
|March 3, 1998
Summary
Workers exposed to metalworking fluids (MWFs) face increased cancer risks, particularly from older formulations. Reductions in airborne MWF exposure are recommended to mitigate these occupational health hazards.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Toxicology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are widely used in industrial machining and grinding.
- Over one million workers in the US are exposed to MWFs.
- Concerns exist regarding the potential carcinogenicity of MWF exposure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review epidemiologic studies on the association between MWF exposure and cancer.
- To present evidence for cancer risk at specific sites linked to MWF exposure.
- To inform occupational safety standards and recommendations.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive and systematic review of epidemiologic studies.
- Focus on studies examining cancer associations with MWF exposure.
- Evidence synthesis for specific cancer sites.
Main Results:
- Substantial evidence links pre-mid-1970s MWFs to increased risk of cancers at sites including larynx, rectum, pancreas, skin, scrotum, and bladder.
- Evidence for other sites (stomach, lung, prostate, etc.) is less consistent or limited.
- Changes in MWF composition may not fully eliminate cancer risks.
Conclusions:
- Prior MWF formulations pose significant cancer risks to workers.
- Reductions in airborne MWF exposure are necessary.
- Continued vigilance and updated safety standards are crucial for protecting worker health.