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Related Experiment Videos

Spontaneous lower arch changes with and without second molar extractions

J M Battagel1, A Ryan

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, St. Bartholomew's, London, England.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|March 4, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Orthodontic treatment focusing only on the upper arch led to spontaneous lower arch expansion and reduced crowding when lower molars were extracted. Non-extraction cases showed inconsistent lower arch changes.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Arch Development
  • Paediatric Dentistry

Background:

  • Understanding spontaneous changes in the lower dental arch during upper-arch-only orthodontic treatment is crucial for predicting treatment outcomes.
  • Limited research exists on the effects of upper arch treatment on untreated lower arches, particularly concerning molar extraction decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare spontaneous changes in lower arch dimensions and crowding in children undergoing upper-arch-only orthodontic treatment.
  • To evaluate the influence of lower second molar extraction versus non-extraction on these lower arch changes.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 41 children with upper-arch-only orthodontic treatment, divided into lower second molar extraction (n=18) and non-extraction (n=23) groups.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of study casts using a reflex microscope to record intercanine width, intermolar width, arch length, arch perimeter, and crowding at multiple treatment stages.
  • Comparison of dimensional changes between the extraction and non-extraction groups over a 2-year observation period.

    • Main Results:

    • In the extraction group, upper buccal segment retraction significantly increased lower arch dimensions and reduced crowding.
    • The non-extraction group exhibited inconsistent lower arch responses, with reduced arch length/perimeter but enlarged intercanine/intermolar dimensions and minimal crowding change.
    • During the second treatment phase, lower arch dimensions generally decreased, but arch length and perimeter remained significantly greater in the extraction group, while crowding increased in both groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Extraction of lower second molars during upper-arch-only orthodontic treatment promotes beneficial spontaneous expansion and de-crowding of the lower arch.
    • Non-extraction cases show less predictable spontaneous lower arch development, with potential for reduced arch length and perimeter.
    • Treatment decisions regarding lower molars significantly influence spontaneous lower arch changes, impacting overall orthodontic outcomes.