Complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA of Chlamydomonas eugametos

The complete nucleotide sequence of the Chlamydomonas eugametos (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyceae, sensu Mattox and Stewart) mitochondrial genome has been determined (22,897 bp, 34.6% G + C). The genes identified in this circular-mapping genome include those for apocytochrome b, subunit 1 of the cytochrome oxidase complex, subunits 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 of the NADH dehydrogenase complex, discontinuous large and small subunit ribosomal rRNAs and three tRNAs whose anticodons CAU, CCA and UUG are specific for methionine, tryptophan and glutamine, respectively. The C. eugametos mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), therefore, shares almost the same reduced set of coding functions and similar unusual features of rRNA gene organization with the linear 15.8 kb mtDNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the only other completely sequenced chlamydomonadalean mtDNA. However, sequence analysis of the C. eugametos mtDNA has revealed the following distinguishing features relative to those of C. reinhardtii: (1) the absence of a reverse transcriptase-like gene homologue, (2) the presence of an additional gene for tRNA(met) that may be a pseudogene, (3) a completely different gene order, (4) transcription of all genes from the same mtDNA strand, (5) a lower G + C content, (6) less pronounced bias in codon usage, and (7) nine group I introns, several of which contain open reading frames coding for potential maturases/endonucleases and two have a nucleotide at the 5' or 3' splice site of the deduced precursor RNAs that deviates from highly conserved nucleotides reported in other group I introns. The features of mitochondrial genome organization and gene content shared by C. eugametos and C. reinhardtii contrast with those of other green algal mtDNAs that have been characterized in detail. The deep evolutionary divergence between these two Chlamydomonas taxa within the Chlamydomonadales suggests that their shared features of mitochondrial genome organization evolved prior to the origin of this group.