Hydroquinone increases the frequency of micronuclei in a dose-dependent manner in mouse bone marrow

The frequency of micronuclei (micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, MPCE and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes, MNCE) was studied at 12, 24 and 36 h post-treatment in the bone marrow of mice treated with 0, 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg body wt of hydroquinone (HQ). Treatment of mice with various doses of HQ resulted in a dose dependent increase in the frequency of both MPCE and MNCE at all the post-treatment time periods. The frequency of MPCE was significantly higher after administration of 3.125 mg/kg HQ at 24 h post-treatment, except 12 and 36 h, where a significant increase in the frequency of MPCE was observed only after administration of 6.25 mg/kg drug dose. Similarly, a significant increase in the frequency of MNCE was observed after 12.5 mg/kg HQ treatment at all the post-treatment time periods. The dose effect relationship between various HQ doses and MPCE and MNCE induction was linear and linear quadratic, respectively at all the post-treatment time periods. The PCE/NCE ratio declined in a dose dependent manner at all the post-treatment time periods and this decline was significant when compared to non-drug treated controls. The dose effect relationship was linear quadratic at all the post-treatment time periods studied.