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Updated: Sep 13, 2026
In utero Measurement of Heart Rate in Mouse by Noninvasive M-mode Echocardiography
Published on: November 22, 2013
Ethnicity and fetal heart rate variation
1Division of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom. o.ogueh@cxwms.ac.uk
Objective:
To determine the effect of ethnicity on fetal heart rate (FHR) variation.
Methods:
A prospective study was conducted of 27 consecutive black women (of African or Caribbean ethnic origin) and 79 consecutive white women (of European ethnic origin) volunteers attending the antenatal clinic, with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies of at least 34 completed weeks' gestation. The participants had cardiotocography performed with an FHR monitor connected to a Sonicaid System 8002 computer. We studied the mean FHR, long-term FHR variation, short-term FHR variation, the number of accelerations, and the reactivity of the FHR.
Results:
The long-term FHR variation in centiles corrected for gestational age, the duration in minutes of episodes of high FHR variation, the long-term FHR variation in beats per minute during episode of high FHR variation, and the number of accelerations were significantly reduced in fetuses of black women compared with those in fetuses of white women (P = .007, P = .005, P = .009, and P = .006, respectively, Mann-Whitney U test). The fetuses of black women had a significantly higher proportion of nonreactive traces (P = .009, Fisher exact test). However, there was no significant difference in the short-term FHR variation between the two groups (P = .101).
Conclusion:
There is an ethnic difference in FHR variation, with significantly reduced long-term variation in black fetuses.
