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Cyclospora infection: a review

B A Connor1

  • 1New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, USA.

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
|March 12, 1998
PubMed
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Cyclospora is a parasite causing prolonged diarrhea. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is effective, but alternatives are needed for sulfa-allergic individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Cyclospora is a coccidian parasite causing acute and chronic diarrhea.
  • First identified in 1990, it has since been reported globally, with water-borne transmission and distinct seasonality implicated in outbreaks.
  • The parasite presents as a spherical organism, identifiable through specific laboratory staining and microscopy techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of Cyclospora infections.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options for Cyclospora-associated illness.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of Cyclospora through sporulation observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis.
  • Morphological characterization (size, refractility, staining properties) and flotation in sucrose solution.
Keywords:
AsiaDemographic FactorsDeveloping CountriesDiarrheaDiseasesEpidemiologyHealthLiterature ReviewNepalParasitic DiseasesPopulationPopulation DynamicsPublic HealthSeasonal VariationSigns And SymptomsSouthern AsiaTreatment

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  • Clinical case series description and diagnostic findings including D-xylose malabsorption and small bowel biopsy results.

    • Main Results:

    • Cyclospora infection causes prolonged diarrhea, nausea, anorexia, and weight loss.
    • Malabsorption and villous atrophy in the small intestine are observed in affected individuals.
    • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is an effective treatment, but no alternatives exist for patients with sulfa allergies.

    Conclusions:

    • Cyclospora is an emerging enteric pathogen with significant clinical manifestations.
    • Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial, necessitating the development of alternative therapies for specific patient populations.