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Aromatic amines and cancer

P Vineis1, R Pirastu

  • 1Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Torino, Italy.

Cancer Causes & Control : CCC
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
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Aromatic amines, found in occupational settings and tobacco smoke, significantly increase cancer risk, particularly bladder cancer. Genetic factors and gender may influence individual susceptibility to these carcinogens.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Occupational Medicine
  • Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

  • Aromatic amines are industrial chemicals and tobacco smoke components linked to human cancers.
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies several aromatic amines and related processes as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) or probably carcinogenic (Group 2A).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiological evidence on the relationship between aromatic amine exposure and cancer risk in humans.
  • To assess cancer risk from occupational and tobacco smoke exposure to aromatic amines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ecologic, cohort, and case-control studies.
  • Assessment of International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifications.
  • Analysis of aromatic amine contribution to bladder cancer rates.

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Main Results:

  • Occupational aromatic amine exposure accounts for up to 25% of bladder cancers in some Western regions.
  • Aromatic amines in environmental tobacco smoke are increasingly implicated in smokers' excess bladder cancer risk.
  • Metabolic polymorphisms (e.g., N-acetyltransferase genotype) modulate bladder cancer risk from aromatic amine exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Aromatic amines are significant occupational and environmental carcinogens, especially for bladder cancer.
  • Further research into gender-related biological determinants is warranted to explain sex differences in bladder cancer risk.