Hematologic and plasma biochemical reference values for three flying fox species (Pteropus sp.)

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Comparative Physiology
• Zoology

Background:

• Flying foxes (genus Pteropus) are vital pollinators and seed dispersers.
• Limited hematologic and biochemical reference data exists for several Pteropus species.
• Understanding species-specific physiology is crucial for conservation and veterinary care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish baseline hematologic and plasma biochemical values for Island flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus), Malaysian flying foxes (P. vampyrus), and Rodrigues Island flying foxes (P. rodricensis).
• To identify potential physiological differences and correlations with diet or life stage across these species.

Main Methods:

• Blood samples were collected from adult and juvenile flying foxes of the three species.
• Standard hematologic and plasma biochemical analyses were performed.
• Values were compared within and between species, and with general mammalian reference ranges.

Main Results:

• Flying foxes exhibited significantly lower plasma cholesterol and urea levels compared to other mammals, suggesting a diet-related adaptation.
• Predominant white blood cells varied: lymphocytes in P. hypomelanus and P. vampyrus, neutrophils in P. rodricensis.
• Juvenile P. hypomelanus showed elevated calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase, consistent with active bone growth.
• In P. hypomelanus, higher bilirubin in juveniles and higher cholesterol in females were observed.

Conclusions:

• Established reference ranges provide essential data for health assessments of Pteropus species.
• Low cholesterol and urea may reflect specialized dietary adaptations in these bats.
• Age and sex can influence specific biochemical parameters in flying foxes.