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Genetic and environmental influences on human behavioral differences

M McGue1, T J Bouchard

  • 1Department of Psychology and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. Mmcgue@tfs.psych.umn.edu

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|April 8, 1998
PubMed
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Behavioral genetics shows most human traits are heritable, influenced by both genes and unique environmental factors. Identifying specific genes remains challenging, highlighting the complexity of behavioral inheritance.

Area of Science:

  • Human behavioral genetics
  • Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Individual differences in cognitive ability, personality, interests, and psychopathology are influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • Behavioral genetic research reviews the nature and extent of these influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human behavioral genetic research.
  • To characterize genetic and environmental influences on behavioral differences.

Main Methods:

  • Review of twin and adoption studies.
  • Analysis of efforts to identify genes influencing behavior.
  • Examination of environmental factors and genotype-environment interactions.

Main Results:

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  • Most behavioral characteristics are heritable, as indicated by twin and adoption studies.
  • Few specific genes influencing behavior have been confirmed.
  • Non-shared environmental factors are significant, not shared ones.
  • Genotype-environment correlations and interactions are key features of behavioral traits.

    • Conclusions:

    • Behavioral genetic research supports the heritability of behavior.
    • Behavior is not genetically determined; environmental factors play a crucial role.
    • Genotype-environment interactions distinguish behavioral phenotypes from medical ones.