Irradiated IL-2 gene-modified plasmacytoma vaccines are more efficient than live vaccines

The effect of irradiation on the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-modified plasmacytoma cells used as a vaccine in the immunotherapy of parental murine plasmacytoma X63-Ag8.653 was examined. Local administration of the IL-2-secreting plasmacytoma irradiated with a dose of 50 Gy inhibited i.p. plasmacytoma growth more effectively than the administration of non-irradiated, live cell vaccines. Whereas the vaccination with the live cell vaccine could substantially prolong the survival of the tumour-bearing mice but did not significantly induce tumour regressions, the irradiated vaccines could substantially increase the number of tumour-free animals. The irradiated vaccines produce higher amounts of IL-2 than the live cell vaccines both in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ effector cells with monoclonal antibodies has significantly decreased the effect of the vaccination. It can be concluded that both, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are required for effective IL-2 gene therapy of the X63-Ag8.653 plasmacytoma and that the higher effect of the irradiated vaccines is probably due to their higher IL-2 production.