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Changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic function in alcoholic neuropathy

K Chida1, T Takasu, H Kawamura

  • 1Department of Neurology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Alcohol Studies & Drug Dependence
|April 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Chronic alcoholics show impaired autonomic nervous system function, affecting heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating responses, particularly in those with alcoholic neuropathy. This suggests a complex interplay of sympathetic hyperfunction and hypofunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Chronic alcoholism frequently leads to neurological deficits, including autonomic dysfunction.
  • Autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of long-term alcohol abuse, impacting various physiological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system function in chronic alcoholics with varying degrees of neuropathy.
  • To assess the impact of alcoholic neuropathy on cardiovascular reflexes, sudomotor function, and pupillary responses.

Main Methods:

  • Noninvasive measurement of pulsatile arterial pressure and heart rate.
  • Assessment of sweat response using the ventilated capsular method and cutaneous blood flow via laser Doppler flowmetry.
  • Evaluation of autonomic function through the Valsalva maneuver, pupillary light reflex, and response to methacholine.

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Main Results:

  • Reduced pressor response in phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver in alcoholics with neuropathy.
  • Blunted heart rate response (reflex bradycardia) in prominent alcoholic neuropathy.
  • Altered sweat responses (exaggerated in mild neuropathy, differential in prominent neuropathy) and reduced cutaneous blood flow responses.
  • Slower pupillary light reflex constriction velocity and smaller reflex amplitude in alcoholics with neuropathy.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic alcoholism and associated neuropathy significantly impair autonomic nervous system function.
  • Findings suggest a complex pattern of autonomic dysfunction, potentially involving sympathetic hyperfunction and hypofunction.
  • Autonomic deficits manifest in cardiovascular, sudomotor, and pupillary pathways, highlighting the systemic effects of alcohol on the nervous system.