Is cigarette smoking more frequent among insulin-treated diabetics?

During epidemiologic investigations of vascular complications of diabetes in Warsaw the habit of cigarette smoking was analyzed in the subjects studied (4,530 diabetics). It was found that in the group of diabetics the number of ex-smokers was much greater (p less than 0.01) and that of present smokers lower (p less tan 0.01) than in a representative sample of the Warsaw population. Furthermore, it was observed that in the subgroup of insulin-treated diabetics the number of smokers was highest and the number of ex-smokers and nonsmokers was lowest in relations to other treatment subgroups.