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Copper toxicosis in sheep: a case report

P C Maiorka1, C O Massoco, S D de Almeida

  • 1Department of Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Veterinary and Human Toxicology
|April 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Two sheep died from copper toxicosis after consuming feed with excessive copper levels. This led to hemolytic anemia, liver failure, and kidney damage, highlighting the risks of improper animal nutrition.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Animal Nutrition

Background:

  • Sheep have a lower tolerance for copper compared to other livestock.
  • Improper feeding practices can lead to accidental toxicosis.

Observation:

  • Two ewes died after consuming rabbit ration and mineral salts intended for cows.
  • The feed was known to contain high copper levels unsuitable for sheep.

Findings:

  • Blood tests revealed anemia and elevated liver enzymes (glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and blood urea nitrogen.
  • Necropsy showed liver and kidney damage (hepatopathy and nephropathy), with hepatic copper levels at 414 ppm.
  • Histology confirmed chronic active hepatitis, bile casts, tubular nephrosis, and hemosiderosis in multiple organs, indicating massive hemolysis due to copper toxicity.

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Implications:

  • Copper toxicosis is a significant risk in sheep due to improper feeding.
  • Accurate dietary formulation and avoiding cross-contamination of feed are crucial for preventing fatal outcomes in livestock.
  • This case underscores the importance of species-specific nutritional guidelines in animal husbandry.